{"id":3475,"date":"2019-03-25T09:18:24","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T09:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/?p=3475"},"modified":"2019-06-26T18:49:36","modified_gmt":"2019-06-26T18:49:36","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%9f-%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%da%a9%d9%84-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/?p=3475","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc: \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0632\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647: \u0622\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 “\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc” \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06c0 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0637\u06cc\u00a0<\/span><\/span>30<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2007<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c0 \u0627\u0648\u062c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. ]\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646[ \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u06c0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1980<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06c0 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06c0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 “\u0646\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645” \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0634\u0648\u062f- \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u06c0 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u06c0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1980<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f- \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/span>–\u00a0<\/span>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u06c0 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0631\u0633\u062f- \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f- \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u00a0<\/span>[<\/span>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c0 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631<\/span>]<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 “\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/b>” \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648 (<\/span><\/span>Alfredo Saad-Filho<\/span><\/span><\/b>) \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u06cc\u06a9 “\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644” \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0647\u06c0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1980<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06c0 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0632 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f “\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc” (<\/span><\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/b>) \u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c0 “\u0646\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645” \u0637\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06c0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1980<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0648 \u062f\u0647\u06c0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1990<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06c0 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a” (<\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/b>) \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0646<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u06c0 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06c0 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af: \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648 \u06af\u0644\u0686\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646” \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 (\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 “\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648”\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f)\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0645.(<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1982<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c0 \u0627\u0648\u062c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1997<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c0 \u0627\u0648\u062c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1964<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.(<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span><\/b>) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0637\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1982<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1997<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc” \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u00a0<\/span><\/span>40<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a “\u0646\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644”<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2005<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u060c \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0639\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u00a0<\/span><\/span>7<\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>19<\/span><\/span>7<\/span><\/span>4<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645 “\u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c0 \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0645” \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2002<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06c0 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc-\u00a0<\/span><\/span>CDO<\/span><\/span><\/b>) \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0635\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u06c0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1997<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1982<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f (\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0641) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u060c \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2015<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 “\u0646\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc” \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647. \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u06cc \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0644<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0642-\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647\u00a0<\/span>[<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0646<\/span>]<\/span>\u00a0\u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u06af\u0641\u062a “\u0645\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06c0 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u00a0<\/span>\u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u00a0<\/span>\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645.” (\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2010<\/span><\/span><\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a: “\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0627\u06cc”\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc (<\/span><\/span>SIV<\/span><\/span><\/b>)\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0625\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0<\/span><\/span>http:\/\/thenextrecession.wordpress.com\/2010\/06\/15\/a-financial-or-economic-crisis<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

(2)\u00a0<\/span><\/span>http:\/\/akliman.squarespace.com\/persistent-fall<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

(3)<\/span><\/span>http:\/\/akliman.squarespace.com\/storage\/Masters%20of%20Words%20pdf%202.20.10pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/span><\/span>http:\/\/thenextrecession.files.wordpress.com\/2010\/07\/the-great-recession-paper-for-bordeaux.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

(5)\u00a0<\/span><\/span>http:\/\/www.lulu.com\/product\/paperback\/the-great-recession\/6079458<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 :<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

http:\/\/thenextrecession.wordpress.com\/2010\/07\/19\/financialisation-the-cause-of-the-crisis<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af” (\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u06c0 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0635.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>34<\/span><\/span><\/b>)\u060c “\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634” \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06c0 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c0 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0634\u062f\u06c0 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c0 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06c0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 “\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634” \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644”\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc” (<\/span><\/span>Compensation<\/span><\/span><\/b>) \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627) \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c0 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 (\u0635\u0641\u062d\u06c0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>33<\/span><\/span><\/b>)\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0637\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1948<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2005<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06a9\u0633. \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0633\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1948<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u062a\u0627<\/span><\/span>1965<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06c0 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645\u061b \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0631\u0633\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b\u00a0<\/span><\/span>16<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u00a0<\/span><\/span>18<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645\u061b \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631 \u0645\u06cc<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2015<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1982<\/span><\/span><\/b>\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f. \u0634\u0634\u0645\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/span>\u00ad<\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639<\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/span><\/span>Roberts, Michael. “The Great Recession: Profit Cycles<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Economic Crisis-A Marxist View” (2009), p.33<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f (\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc) \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 (<\/span><\/span>1948-<\/span><\/span>2005<\/span><\/span><\/b>) \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. (\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u067e \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u06cc (<\/span><\/span>Shadow Banking<\/span><\/span><\/b>)\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span>\u00ad<\/span><\/span>\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06c0 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u06c0 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u06c0 “\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646” (Financialization) \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3475"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3475"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3514,"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3475\/revisions\/3514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bidar.nashrebidar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}